The Golden age
On May 2, 1920, the Indianapolis ABCs beat the Chicago American
Giants (4–2) in the first game played in the inaugural season of the
Negro National League, played at Washington Park in Indianapolis. But, because of the
Chicago Race Riot of 1919, the National Guard still occupied the Giants' home field,
Schorling's Park
(formerly South Side Park). This forced Foster to cancel all the
Giants' home games for almost a month and threatened to become a huge
embarrassment for the league. On March 2, 1920 the Negro Southern League
was founded in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1921, the
Negro Southern League joined Foster's
National Association of Colored Professional Base Ball Clubs.
As a dues-paying member of the association, it received the same
protection from raiding parties as any team in the Negro National
League.
Foster then admitted John Connors'
Atlantic City Bacharach Giants as an associate member to move further into
Nat Strong's territory. Connors, wanting to return the favor of helping him against Strong, raided
Ed Bolden's
Hilldale Daisies
team. Bolden saw little choice but to team up with Foster's nemesis,
Nat Strong. Within days of calling a truce with Strong, Bolden made an
about-face and signed up as an associate member of Foster's Negro
National League.
On December 16, 1922, Bolden once again shifted sides and, with
Strong, formed the Eastern Colored League as an alternative to Foster's
Negro National League, which started with six teams: Atlantic City
Bacharach Giants,
Baltimore Black Sox, Brooklyn Royal Giants, New York Cuban Stars, Hilldale, and
New York Lincoln Giants.
The National League was having trouble maintaining continuity among its
franchises: three teams folded and had to be replaced after the 1921
season, two others after the 1922 season, and two more after the 1923
season. Foster replaced the defunct teams, sometimes promoting whole
teams from the Negro Southern League into the NNL. Finally Foster and
Bolden met and agreed to an annual
Negro League World Series beginning in
1924.
1925 saw the
St. Louis Stars
come of age in the Negro National League. They finished in second place
during the second half of the year due in large part to their pitcher
turned center fielder,
Cool Papa Bell, and their shortstop,
Willie Wells.
A gas leak in his home nearly asphyxiated Rube Foster in 1926, and his
increasingly erratic behavior led to him being committed to an asylum a
year later. While Foster was out of the picture, the owners of the
National League elected
William C. Hueston
as new league president. In 1927, Ed Bolden suffered a similar fate as
Foster, by committing himself to a hospital because the pressure was too
great. The Eastern League folded shortly after that, marking the end of
the Negro League World Series between the NNL and the ECL.
After the Eastern League folded following the 1927 season, a new eastern league, the
American Negro League, was formed to replace it. The makeup of the new ANL was nearly the same as the Eastern League, the exception being that the
Homestead Grays
joined in place of the now-defunct Brooklyn Royal Giants. The ANL
lasted just one season. In the face of harder economic times, the Negro
National League folded after the 1931 season. Some of its teams joined
the only Negro league then left, the Negro Southern League.
On March 26, 1932 the Chicago
Defender announced the end of Negro National League.
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